From the peculiar climate to specific management techniques: each stage of the coffee plantation cycle presents its own complexities. In this article, we explore the main obstacles faced by coffee producers in Brazil and some of the strategies producers can adopt to mitigate them.
Planting time:
Choosing the ideal time for planting is crucial for the plant’s healthy growth. This is because the climate has a direct impact on the success of the planting: if the seedling is planted in a dry season, it may suffer from a lack of nutrients that are supplied through the water and moisture in the soil, impacting on its growth.
On the other hand, if the planting takes place during a time of abundant rainfall, the plant is more likely to develop strongly, as the water plays a fundamental role in bringing moisture to the soil, which increases the availability of nutrients for the plant.
The climate can vary depending on the region, but in general, the ideal time for planting coffee is between October and March, which are months when there is usually significant rainfall.
Spacing:
When planting, spacing is an aspect that directly impacts the productivity and longevity of the crop. The correct distance between plants and rows can considerably reduce input costs.
Over time, spacing recommendations have changed. Before 1970, for example, the basis was the square 3-4 m x 3-4 m (street x row) type, which resulted in 800 holes per hectare (three to four seedlings per hole).
This decade, however, marked the intensification of rust in coffee plantations, so more rectangular spacing was adopted, with more open streets to allow the entry of disease control machinery. Thus, the most common spacing became a 4 m x 1.5-2.5 m base, with two seedlings per hole.
In the 1980s, spacing was further reduced, with two plants arranged 1 m apart in the row, instead of two in the same hole 2 m apart. At the time, research showed that this smaller spacing resulted in a 30% more efficient crop in terms of productivity.
Climate Challenges and Necessary Management:
Climatic challenges are a constant concern for coffee producers. Variations in temperature, irregular rainfall and the incidence of pests and diseases can have a negative impact on production.
At the planting stage, it is essential to pay attention to appropriate management techniques, such as controlled irrigation, constant monitoring of climatic conditions and the use of sustainable cultivation techniques to mitigate these challenges.
In short, planting techniques are adapting to the context, taking into account climate change, new technologies and sustainable practices.
Overcoming the challenges that come with planting not only contributes to quality production, but also demonstrates the resilience of coffee growers in the midst of adversity. At every stage of the chain, we realize that coffee is a culture that requires a lot of care, attention and, above all, dedication.
Ref: Jacto and internal fonts.
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*This article aims only to provide information about the impacts of weather, based on internal and public sources, valid at the time of its dissemination. It does not aim to guide recipients in making any decisions, which are therefore solely the responsibility of the recipient. Atlantica Coffee is exempt from any liability arising from direct or indirect losses.